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Gan Ying (; Hanyu Pinyin: Gān Yīng), was a Chinese military ambassador who was sent on a mission to Rome in 97 CE by the Chinese general Ban Chao. Although Gan Ying never reached Rome, only travelling to as far as the "western sea" which either refers to the Black Sea or the Parthian coast of the Persian Gulf, he is, at least in the historical records, the Chinese who went the furthest west during antiquity, and he gathered what information he could. According to the ''Hou Hanshu'', the Chinese history of the later Han Dynasty (CE 25-220): :"In the ninth year (CE ), Ban Chao sent his Subordinate Gan Ying, who probed as far as the Western Sea, which is either the Persian Gulf or the Black Sea.〔The Persian Gulf - which was then considered part of the Indian Ocean along with the Red Sea. Hill (2009), pp. 222, n. 9.3., 255, n. 10.13.〕 and then returned. Former generations never reached these regions. The Shanjing gives no details on them. Undoubtedly he prepared a report on their customs and investigated their precious and unusual ()."〔Hill (2009), p. 5.〕 :"In the ninth Yongyuan year,〔Corresponding to 97 CE.〕 during the reign of Emperor He, Protector General Ban Chao sent Gan Ying to Da Qin (Roman Empire ). He reached Tiaozhi (Characene) and Sibin (Susiana?)〔Identification due to Hill, who argues against the previous identification Ctesiphon〕 next to a large sea. He wanted to cross it, but the sailors of the western frontier of Anxi () said to him: ::"The ocean is huge. Those making the round trip can do it in three months if the winds are favourable. However, if you encounter winds that delay you, it can take two years. That is why all the men who go by sea take stores for three years. The vast ocean urges men to think of their country, and get homesick, and some of them die." :When () Ying heard this, he discontinued (his trip).〔Hill (2009), p. 23.〕 The Hou Hanshu, also recorded that: ::"() territory extends for several thousands of ''li''. It has more than four hundred walled towns. There are several tens of smaller dependent kingdoms. The walls of the towns are made of stone. They have established postal relays at intervals, which are all plastered and whitewashed. There are pines and cypresses, as well as trees and plants of all kinds."〔Hill (2009), pp. 24-25.〕 Gan Ying also gave the following somewhat fanciful description of Roman customs and natural products undoubtedly based on what he was told by sailors in Persian Gulf ports:
Henry Yule described this account as "vague and puerile", but notes that it ended with a detailed description of the Mediterranean coral industry.〔Henry Yule, ''Cathay and the way thither'', Hakluyt Society, 1866, I, p. lvii.〕 Gan Ying travelled about the time that the Emperor Nerva adopted Trajan as his successor, but neither of them abdicated for bad omens; the "kings" according to him resemble the Sages of legendary Chinese antiquity more than any Roman institution. The silkworms of the Greek island of Cos were cultivated in antiquity, but the product was never comparable to Chinese silk.〔Hill (2009), p. 279-280.〕 However, this reference appears to be to the very rare and beautifully golden sea silk, which is also referred to in the 3rd century history, the ''Weilüe''.〔Hill (2009), Appendix B, pp. 467-476; Hill (2004).〕 == See also == *Sino-Roman relations *Battle of Yiwulu 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gan Ying」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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